UNIT - I STRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF STRESS

Rigid bodies and deformable solids - stability, strength, stiffness - tension, compression and shear stresses - strain, elasticity, Hooke’s law, limit of proportionately, modules of elasticity, stress-strain curve, lateral strain - temperature stresses - deformation of simple and compound bars - shear modulus, bulk modulus, relationship between elastic constants - biaxial state of stress - stress at a point - stress on inclined plane - principal stresses and principal planes - Mohr's circle of stresses. - Lec 2 3 4 5 7 10 11 14

UNIT - II TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS

Stability and equilibrium of plane frames - types of trusses - analysis of forces in truss members method of joints, method of sections, method of tension coefficients - thin cylinders and shells - under internal pressure - deformation of thin cylinders and shells. - Lec 16 17

UNIT - III THE LINE AT RADIO FREQUENCY

Beams - types of supports - simple and fixed, types of load - concentrated, uniformly distributed, varying distributed load, combination of above loading - relationship between bending moment and shear force - bending moment, shear force diagram for simply supported, cantilever and over hanging beams - Theory of simple bending - analysis of stresses - load carrying capacity of beams - proportioning of sections - Lec 26 27 22 23 24 25 30 31 32 33

UNIT - IV GUIDED WAVES BETWEEN PARALLEL PLANES

Deflection of beams - double integration method - Macaulay's method - slope and deflection using moment area method, Conjugate Beam method - variation of shear stress - shear stress distribution in rectangular, I sections, solid circular sections, hollow circular sections, angle and channel sections - shear flow - shear centre. - Lec 28 29

UNIT - V WAVEGUIDES

Stresses and deformation in circular (solid and hollow shafts) - stepped shafts - shafts fixed at both ends - leaf springs - stresses in helical springs - deflection of springs. - Lec 18 19 20 21 39 40

UNIT - I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS

Fluid - definition, distinction between solid and fluid - Units and dimensions - Properties of fluids - density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, temperature, viscosity, compressibility, vapour pressure, capillarity and surface tension - Fluid statics: concept of fluid static pressure, absolute and gauge pressures - pressure measurements by manometers and pressure gauges- forces on planes - centre of pressure - bouncy and floatation - Lec 1 2 3 4 5

UNIT - II FLIUD KINEMATIC S AND DYNAMICS

Fluid Kinematics - Flow visualization - lines of flow - types of flow - velocity field and acceleration - continuity equation (one and three dimensional differential forms)- Equation of streamline - stream function - velocity potential function - circulation - flow net. Fluid dynamics - equations of motion - Euler's equation along a streamline - Bernoulli's equation - applications - Venturi meter, Orifice meter and Pitot tube. Linear momentum equation and its application - Lec 6 7 8 12 13 14 15 16

UNIT - III FLOW THROUGH PIPES

Viscous flow - Shear stress, pressure gradient relationship - laminar flow between parallel plates - Laminar flow through circular tubes (Hagen poiseulle's) - Hydraulic and energy gradient - flow through pipes - Darcy -Weisbach's equation - pipe roughness -friction factor- Moody's diagram- Major and minor losses of flow in pipes - Pipes in series and in parallel - Lec 17 18 19 28 36 37 38 39 40

UNIT - IV BOUNDARY LAYER

Boundary layer - definition- boundary layer on a flat plate - thickness and classification - displacement , energy and momentum thickness - Boundary layer separation and control - drag in flat plate - drag and lift coefficients - Lec 30 31 32 33

UNIT - V DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL STUDIES

Fundamental dimensions - dimensional homogeneity - Rayleigh's method and Buckingham Pi-Theorem - Dimensionless parameters - Similitude and model studies - Distorted Models - Lec 23 24 25

UNIT - I UNIFORM FLOW

Definition and differences between pipe flow and open channel flow - Types of Flow - Properties of open channel - Fundamental equations - Velocity distribution in open channel - Steady uniform flow: Chezy equation, Manning equation - Best hydraulic sections for uniform flow - Computation in Uniform Flow - Specific energy and specific force - Critical depth and velocity.- Lec 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18

UNIT - II GRADUALLY V ARIED FLOW

Dynamic equations of gradually varied and spatially varied flows - Water surface flow profile classifications: Hydraulic Slope, Hydraulic Curve - Profile determination by Numerical method: Direct step method and Standard step method, Graphical method - Applications.- Lec 10 11 12 13 18

UNIT - III RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW

Application of the energy equation for RVF - Critical depth and velocity - Critical, Sub-critical and Super-critical flow - Application of the momentum equation for RVF - Hydraulic jumps - Types - Energy dissipation - Surges and surge through channel transitions.- Lec 15 16 17

UNIT - IV TURBINES

Impact of Jet on vanes - Turbines - Classification - Reaction turbines - Francis turbine, Radial flow turbines, draft tube and cavitation - Propeller and Kaplan turbines - Impulse turbine - Performance of turbine - Specific speed - Runaway speed - Similarity laws.

UNIT - V PUMPS

Centrifugal pumps - Minimum speed to start the pump - NPSH - Cavitations in pumps - Operating characteristics - Multistage pumps - Reciprocating pumps - Negative slip - Flow separation conditions - Air vessels, indicator diagrams and its variations - Savings in work done - Rotary pumps: Gear pump.

UNIT - I PRECIPITATION

Hydrologic cycle - Types of precipitation - Forms of precipitation - Measurement of Rainfall - Spatial measurement methods - Temporal measurement methods - Frequency analysis of point rainfall - Intensity, duration, frequency relationship - Probable maximum precipitation. - Lec 14 17 20

UNIT - II ABSTRACTION FROM PRECIPITATION

Losses from precipitation - Evaporation process - Reservoir evaporation - Infiltration process - Infiltration capacity - Measurement of infiltration - Infiltration indices - Effective rainfall. - Lec 11 12 13 21

UNIT - III HYDROGRAPHS

Factors affecting Hydrograph - Baseflow separation - Unit hydrograph - Derivation of unit hydrograph - S curve hydrograph - Unit hydrograph of different deviations - Synthetic Unit Hydrograph - Lec 2 23

UNIT - IV FLOODS AND FLOOD ROUTING

Flood frequency studies - Recurrence interval - Gumbel's method - Flood routing - Reservoir flood routing - Muskingum's Channel Routing - Flood control- Lec 18 24 29

UNIT - V GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY

Types of aquifers - Darcy's law - Dupuit's assumptions - Confined Aquifer - Unconfined Aquifer - Recuperation test - Transmissibility - Specific capacity - Pumping test - Steady flow analysis only. - Lec 7 8 9 10 19

UNIT - I SYSTEM APPROACH

Philosophy of modelling - Goals and Objectives - Basics of system analysis concept - scopes and steps in systems engineering. - Lec 1 2 3 4

UNIT - II PHYSICAL AND SOCIO - ECONOMIC DATA

Collection, evaluation and processing - project appraisal - public involvement, master Comprehensive and integrated planning of water resources project

UNIT - III LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Operation research - introduction - Problem Formulation-graphical solution- Simplex method - Sensitivity analysis - simple applications - Lec 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 20 21 22

UNIT - IV DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING

Optimality criteria Stage coach problem - Bellman's optimality criteria Problem formulation and Solution - simple applications - Lec 14 15 16 17 24 25

UNIT - V SIMULATION

Basic principles - Methodology and Philosophy - Model development - input and outputs - Deterministic simulation - simple applications - Lec 18 19 26 27

UNIT - I SERVICES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES

Types of Services, Requirements for the services, Multipath propagation, Spectrum Limitations, Noise and Interference limited systems, Principles of Cellular networks, Multiple Access Schemes.- Lec 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

UNIT - II WIRELESS PROPAGATION CHANNELS

Propagation Mechanisms (Qualitative treatment), Propagation effects with mobile radio, Channel Classification, Link calculations, Narrowband and Wideband models.- Lec 8 9 10 11 13 15 18 19 20 38

UNIT - III WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERS

Structure of a wireless communication link, Modulation and demodulation - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, /4-Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, Offset-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, Binary Frequency Shift Keying, Minimum Shift Keying, Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying, Power spectrum and Error performance in fading channels.- Lec 2 22 24 25 26 28

UNIT - IV SIGNAL PROCESSING IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS

Principle of Diversity, Macrodiversity, Microdiversity, Signal Combining Techniques, Transmit diversity, Equalisers- Linear and Decision Feedback equalisers, Review of Channel coding and Speech coding techniques.- Lec 29 30 31 32 33 34 36

UNIT - V ADVANCED TRANSCEIVER SCHEMES

Spread Spectrum Systems- Cellular Code Division Multiple Access Systems- Principle, Power control, Effects of multipath propagation on Code Division Multiple Access, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing - Principle, Cyclic Prefix, Transceiver implementation, Second Generation(GSM, IS–95) and Third Generation Wireless Networks and Standards. - Lec 27 37 38 39

UNIT - I AMPLITUDE MODULATION SYSTEMS

Generation and detection of AM wave-spectra-DSBSC, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope & complex envelope - SSB and VSB - comparison - Superheterodyne Receiver.- Lec 1 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 26

UNIT - II ANGLE MODULATION SYSTEMS

Phase and frequency modulation-Narrow Band and Wind band FM - Spectrum - FM modulation and demodulation - FM Discriminator- PLL as FM Demodulator - Transmission bandwidth. - Lec 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

UNIT - III NOISE THEORY

ParametersRandom variables, Central limit Theorem, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean, Correlation & Covariance functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian Process, Transmission of a Random Process Through a LTI filter. - Lec 27 28 29 30 31 32

UNIT - IV PERFORMANCE OF CW MODULATION SYSTEMS

Noise sources and types - Noise figure and noise temperature - Noise in cascaded systems. Narrow band noise - PSD of in-phase and quadrature noise - Noise performance in AM systems - Noise performance in FM systems - Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis - Capture effect, threshold effect.- Lec 33 34 35 36 37 38

UNIT - V INFORMATION THEORY

Entropy - Discrete Memoryless channels - Channel Capacity -Hartley - Shannon law - Source coding theorem - Huffman & Shannon - Fano codes - Lec 39 40 41

UNIT - I DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM

Discrete Signals and Systems- A Review - Introduction to DFT - Properties of DFT - Circular Convolution - Filtering methods based on DFT - FFT Algorithms –Decimation in time Algorithms, Decimation in frequency Algorithms - Use of FFT in Linear Filtering.- Lec 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11

UNIT - II IIR FILTER DESIGN

Structures of IIR - Analog filter design - Discrete time IIR filter from analog filter - IIR filter design by Impulse Invariance, Bilinear transformation, Approximation of derivatives - (LPF, HPF, BPF, BRF) filter design using frequency translation. - Lec 23 24 25 26 3334 35 36 37

UNIT - III FIR FILTER DESIGN

Structures of FIR - Linear phase FIR filter - Fourier Series - Filter design using windowing techniques (Rectangular Window, Hamming Window, Hanning Window), Frequency sampling techniques - Finite word length effects in digital Filters: Errors, Limit Cycle, Noise Power Spectrum. - Lec 16 17 38 39 4042 43

UNIT - IV FINITE WORDLENGTH EFFECTS

Fixed point and floating point number representations - ADC - Quantization- Truncation and Rounding errors - Quantization noise - coefficient quantization error - Product quantization error - Overflow error - Roundoff noise power - limit cycle oscillations due to product round off and overflow errors - Principle of scaling

UNIT - V DSP APPLICATIONS

Multirate signal processing: Decimation, Interpolation, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor - Adaptive Filters: Introduction, Applications of adaptive filtering to equalization. - Lec 33 34 35 1 6 7

UNIT - I FILTERS

The neper - the decibel - Characteristic impedance of Symmetrical Networks - Current and voltage ratios - Propogation constant, - Properties of Symmetrical Networks - Filter fundamentals - Pass and Stop bands. Behaviour of the Characteristic impedance. Constant K Filters - Low pass, High pass band, pass band elimination filters - m - derived sections - Filter circuit design - Filter performance - Crystal Filters.- Lec 2 3 4 5 6 10 15

UNIT - II TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS

A line of cascaded T sections - Transmission lines - General Solution, Physical Significance of the equations, the infinite line, wavelength, velocity, propagation, Distortion line, the telephone cable, Reflection on a line not terminated in Zo, Reflection Coefficient, Open and short circuited lines, Insertion loss.- Lec 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15

UNIT - III THE LINE AT RADIO FREQUENCY

Parameters of open wire line and Coaxial cable at RF - Line constants for dissipation - voltages and currents on the dissipation less line - standing waves - nodes - standing wave ratio - input impedance of open and short circuited lines - power and impedance measurement on lines -  / 4 line, Impedance matching - single and double-stub matching circle diagram, smith chart and its applications - Problem solving using Smith chart.

UNIT - IV GUIDED WAVES BETWEEN PARALLEL PLANES

Application of the restrictions to Maxwell's equations - transmission of TM waves between Parallel plans - Transmission of TE waves between Parallel planes.Transmission of TEM waves between Parallel planes - Manner of wave travel. Velocities of the waves - characteristic impedance - Attenuators - Lec 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 59

UNIT - V WAVEGUIDES

Application of Maxwell's equations to the rectangular waveguide. TM waves in Rectangular guide. TE waves in Rectangular waveguide - Cylindrical waveguides. The TEM wave in coaxial lines. Excitation of wave guides. Guide termination and resonant cavities.

UNIT - I SYSTEMS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION

Basic elements in control systems - Open and closed loop systems - Electrical analogy of mechanical and thermal systems - Transfer function - Synchros - AC and DC servomotors - Block diagram reduction techniques - Signal flow graphs - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

UNIT - II TIME RESPONSE

Time response - Time domain specifications - Types of test input - I and II order system response - Error coefficients - Generalized error series - Steady state error - P, PI, PID modes of feed back control - 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 36 38 39 40

UNIT - III FREQUENCY RESPONSE

Frequency response - Bode plot - Polar plot - Determination of closed loop response from open loop response - Correlation between frequency domain and time domain specifications.- 41 42 43 44 45

UNIT - IV STABILITY OF CONTROL SYSTEM

Characteristics equation - Location of roots in S plane for stability - Routh Hurwitz criterion - Root locus construction - Effect of pole, zero addition - Gain margin and phase margin - Nyquist stability criterion.- 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 40

UNIT - V COMPENSATOR DESIGN

Performancs criteria - Lag, lead and lag-lead networks - Compensator design using bode plots.45 46 47

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION

Introduction of DC Power transmission technology - Comparison of AC and DC transmission - Application of DC transmission - Description of DC transmission system - Planning for HVDC transmission - Modern trends in DC transmission.- 1 2 3 36

UNIT - II ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS

Pulse number - Choice of converter configuration - Simplified analysis of Graetz circuit - Converter bridge characteristics - Characteristics of a twelve pulse converter - Detailed analysis of converters - 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

UNIT - III COMPOUNDING AND REGULATIONS

General - Required regulation - Inverter compounding - Uncompounded inverter - Rectifier compounding - Transmission characteristics with the rectifier and inverter compounding - Communication link - Current regulation from the inverter side - Transformer tap changing - 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

UNIT - IV HARMONICS AND FILTERS

Introduction - Generation of harmonics - Design of AC filters and DC filters - Interference with neighbouring communication lines.- 25 26 27

UNIT - V HVDC CABLES AND SIMULATION OF HVDC SYSTEMS

Introduction of DC cables - Basic physical phenomenon arising in DC insulation - Practical dielectrics - Dielectric stress consideration - Economics of DC cables compared with AC cables. Introduction to system simulation - Philosophy and tools - HVDC system simulation - Modeling of HVDC systems for digital dynamic simulation - 28 32 34

UNIT - I POWER SEMI-CONDUCTOR DEVICES

Study of switching devices, - Frame, Driver and snubber circuit of SCR, TRIAC, BJT, IGBT, MOSFET,- Turn-on and turn-off characteristics, switching losses, Commutation circuits for SCR - Lec 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9

UNIT - II PHASE-CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

2-pulse, 3-pulse and 6-pulse converters - Effect of source inductance - performance parameters - Reactive power control of cnverters - Dual converters - Battery charger - Lec 14, 15, 16, 18

UNIT - III DC TO DC CONVERTER

Step-down and step-up chopper - Time ratio control and current limit control - Buck, boost, buckboost converter, concept of Resonant switching - SMPS - Lec 18, 23, 24, 26

UNIT - IV INVERTERS

Single phase and three phase (both 1200 mode and 1800 mode) inverters - PWM techniques: Sinusoidal PWM, modified sinusoidal PWM - multiple PWM - Introduction to space vector modulations - Voltage and harmonic control - Series resonant inverter - Current source inverter. - Lec 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42

UNIT - V AC TO AC CONVERTERS

Single phase AC voltage controllers - Multistage sequence control - single and three phase cycloconverters - Introduction to Integral cycle control, Power factor control and Matrix converters.- Lec 43

UNIT - I PRECIPITATION

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION

System load - variation - load characteristics - load curves and load-duration curve (daily,weekly and annual) - load factor - diversity factor. Importance of load forecasting and simple techniques of forecasting. An overview of power system operation and control and the role of computers in the implementation. (Qualitative treatment with block diagram).- Lec 28, 1, 2

UNIT - II REAL POWER - FREQUENCY CONTROL

Basics of speed governing mechanism and modeling - speed-load characteristics - load sharing between two synchronous machines in parallel. Control area concept LFC control of a singlearea system. Static and dynamic analysis of uncontrolled and controlled cases. Integration of economic dispatch control with LFC. Two-area system - modeling - static analysis of uncontrolled case - tie line with frequency bias control of two-area system - state variable model- Lec 18, 19, 20, 21, 23

UNIT - III REACTIVE POWER-VOLTAGE CONTROL

Basics of reactive power control. Excitation systems - modeling. Static and dynamic analysis - stability compensation - generation and absorption of reactive power. Relation between voltage, power and reactive power at a node - method of voltage control - tap-changing transformer. System level control using generator voltage magnitude setting, tap setting of OLTC transformer and MVAR injection of switched capacitors to maintain acceptable voltage profile and to minimize transmission loss - Lec 4, 24, 25

UNIT - IV UNIT COMMITMENT AND ECONOMIC DISPATCH

Statement of economic dispatch problem - cost of generation - incremental cost curve co-ordination equations without loss and with loss, solution by direct method and λ-iteration method. (No derivation of loss coefficients). Statement of Unit Commitment problem - constraints; spinning reserve, thermal unit constraints, hydro constraints, fuel constraints and other constraints. Solution methods - Priority-list methods - forward dynamic programming approach. Numerical problems only in priority-list method using full-load average production cost. - Lec 28

UNIT - V COMPUTER CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS

Need of computer control of power systems. Concept of energy control centre (or) load dispatch centre and the functions - system monitoring - data acquisition and control. System hardware configuration - SCADA and EMS functions. Network topology - state estimation - security analysis and control. Various operating states (Normal, alert, emergency, in-extremis and restorative). State transition diagram showing various state transitions and control strategies- Lec 2, 3

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION

Structure of electric power system - different operating voltages of generation, transmission and distribution - advantage of higher operating voltage for AC transmission. An introduction to EHV AC transmission, HVDC transmission and FACTs. Mechanical design of transmission line between towers - sag and tension calculations using approximate equations taking into account the effect of ice and wind. - Lec 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 21, 22, 23

UNIT - II TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS

Parameters of resistance, inductance and capacitance calculations - single and three phase transmission lines - single and double circuits - solid, stranded and bundled conductors - symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing - transposition of lines - concepts of GMR and GMD - skin and proximity effects - interference with neighbouring communication circuits. Corona discharge characteristics - critical voltage and loss.(Simple diagrams of typical towers and conductors for 400, 220 and 110 kV operations) - 11

UNIT - III MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES

Transmission line classification - short line, medium line and long line - equivalent circuits - Ferranti effect - surge impedance, attenuation constant and phase constant - voltage regulation and transmission efficiency - real and reactive power flow in lines - power circle diagrams - shunt and series compensation.An introduction to power angle diagram - surge-impedance loading, loadability limits based on thermal loading; angle and voltage stability considerations. - 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

UNIT - IV INSULATORS AND CABLES

Classification of insulators for transmission and distribution purpose - voltage distribution in insulator string and grading - improvement of string efficiency. Underground cables - constructional features of LT and HT cables - insulation resistance, capacitance, dielectric stress and grading - tan δ and power loss - thermal characteristics. - 19, 20

UNIT - V SUBSTATION, GROUNDING SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Classification, functions and major components of substations. Bus-bar arrangements - substation bus schemes - single bus, double bus with double breaker, double bus with single breaker, main and transfer bus, ring bus, breaker-and-a-half with two main buses, double bus-bar with bypass isolators. Importance of earthing in a substation. Qualitative treatment to neutral grounding and earthing practises in substations. Feeders, distributors and service mains. DC distributor - 2-wire and 3-wire, radial and ring main distribution. AC distribution - single phase and three phase 4-wire distribution.

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION

Modern power system (or) electric energy system - Analysis for system planning and operational studies - basic components of a power system. Generator models - transformer model - transmission system model - load representation. Single line diagram - per phase and per unit representation - change of base. Simple building algorithms for the formation of Y-Bus matrix and ZBus matrix. - Lec 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23

UNIT - II POWER FLOW ANALYSIS

Importance of power flow analysis in planning and operation of power systems. Statement of power flow problem - classification of buses into P-Q buses, P-V (voltage-controlled) buses and slack bus. Development of Power flow model in complex variables form and polar variables form. Iterative solution using Gauss-Seidel method including Q-limit check for voltage-controlled buses - algorithm and flow chart. Iterative solution using Newton-Raphson (N-R) method (polar form) including Q-limit check and bus switching for voltage-controlled buses - Jacobian matrix elements - algorithm and flow chart. Development of Fast Decoupled Power Flow (FDPF) model and iterative solution - algorithm and flowchart; Comparison of the three methods. - 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24

UNIT - III FAULT ANALYSIS - BALANCED FAULTS

Importance short circuit (or) for fault analysis - basic assumptions in fault analysis of power systems. Symmetrical (or) balanced three phase faults - problem formulation - fault analysis using Z-bus matrix - algorithm and flow chart. Computations of short circuit capacity, post fault voltage and currents. - Lec 25, 30, 31

UNIT - IV FAULT ANALYSIS - UNBALANCED FAULTS

Introduction to symmetrical components - sequence impedances - sequence networks - representation of single line to ground, line to line and double line to ground fault conditions. Unbalanced fault analysis - problem formulation - analysis using Z-bus impedance matrix - (algorithm and flow chart.). - Lec 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38

UNIT - V STABILITY ANALYSIS

Importance of stability analysis in power system planning and operation - classification of power system stability - angle and voltage stability - simple treatment of angle stability into small-signal and large-signal (transient) stability Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system: Development of swing equation - equal area criterion - determination of critical clearing angle and time by using modified Euler method and Runge-Kutta second order method. Algorithm and flow chart.- Lec 39

UNIT - I BASIC MOS TRANSISTOR

Enhancement mode & Depletion mode - Fabrication (NMOS, PMOS, CMOS, BiCMOS) Technology - NMOS transistor current equation - second order effects - MOS Transistor Model.- 1 2 6 15 16 23 24 25 26 29 32

UNIT - II NMOS & CMOS INVERTER AND GATES

NMOS & CMOS inverter - Determination of pull up / pull down ratios - stick diagram - lambda based rules - super buffers - BiCMOS & steering logic.

UNIT - III SUB SYSTEM DESIGN & LAYOUT

Structured design of combinational circuits - Dynamic CMOS & clocking - Tally circuits - (NANDNAND, NOR-NOR and AOI logic) - EXOR structure - Multiplexer structures - Barrel shifter.

UNIT - IV DESIGN OF COMBINATIONAL ELEMENTS & REGULAR ARRAYLOGIC

NMOS PLA - Programmable Logic Devices - Finite State Machine PLA - Introduction to FPGA, CPLD.

UNIT - V VHDL PROGRAMMING

RTL Design - Detructured level Design -combinational logic - Types - Operators - Packages - Sequential circuit - Sub programs - Test benches. (Examples: address, counters, flipflops, FSM, Multiplexers / Demltiplexers).

UNIT - I POWER GENERATION

Review of conventional methods - thermal, hydro and nuclear based power generation. Nonconventional methods of power generation - fuel cells - tidal waves - wind - geothermal - solar - bio-mass - municipal waste. Cogeneration. Effect of distributed generation on power system operation.

UNIT - II ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GENERATION

Economic aspects of power generation - load and load duration curves - number and size of units - cost of electrical energy - tariff. Economics of power factor improvement - power capacitors - power quality. Importance of electrical energy conservation - methods - energy efficient equipments. Introduction to energy auditing.

UNIT - III ILLUMINATION

Importance of lighting - properties of good lighting scheme - laws of illumination - photometry - types of lamps - lighting calculations - basic design of illumination schemes for residential, commercial, street lighting, and sports ground - energy efficiency lamps.

UNIT - IV INDUSTRIAL HEATING AND WELDING - 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15, 16,17 18

Role electric heating for industrial applications - resistance heating - induction heating - dielectric heating - electric arc furnaces. Brief introduction to electric welding - welding generator, welding transformer and the characteristics.

UNIT - V ELECTRIC TRACTION

Merits of electric traction - requirements of electric traction system - supply systems - mechanics of train movement - traction motors and control - braking - recent trends in electric traction.

UNIT - I ELECTROSTATICS – I

Sources and effects of electromagnetic fields – Coordinate Systems – Vector fields Gradient, Divergence, Curl – theorems and applications – Coulomb’s Law – Electric field intensity – Field due to discrete and continuous charges – Gauss’s law and applications.- 2 7 20

UNIT - II ELECTROSTATICS – II

Electric potential – Electric field and equipotential plots, Uniform and Non-Uniform field, Utilization factor – Electric field in free space, conductors, dielectrics – Dielectric polarization – Dielectric strength – Electric field in multiple dielectrics – Boundary conditions, Poisson’s and Laplace’sequations, Capacitance, Energy density, Applications. - 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 16

UNIT - III MAGNETOSTATICS

Lorentz force, magnetic field intensity (H) – Biot–Savart’s Law – Ampere’s Circuit Law – H due to straight conductors, circular loop, infinite sheet of current, Magnetic flux density (B) – B in free space, conductor, magnetic materials – Magnetization, Magnetic field in multiple media – Boundary conditions, scalar and vector potential, Poisson’s Equation, Magnetic force, Torque, Inductance, Energy density, Applications.- 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

UNIT - IV ELECTRODYNAMIC FIELDS

Magnetic Circuits – Faraday’s law – Transformer and motional EMF – Displacement current – Maxwell’s equations (differential and integral form) – Relation between field theory and circuit theory – Applications.- 27

UNIT - V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Electromagnetic wave generation and equations – Wave parameters; velocity, intrinsic impedance, propagation constant – Waves in free space, lossy and lossless dielectrics, conductors- skin depth – Poynting vector – Plane wave reflection and refraction – Standing Wave – Applications. - 28 29 30

UNIT - I LINEAR STRUCTURES

Abstract Data Types (ADT) - List ADT - array-based implementation - linked list implementation - cursor-based linked lists - doubly-linked lists - applications of lists - Stack ADT - Queue ADT - circular queue implementation - Applications of stacks and queues - Lec 2 3

UNIT - II TREE STRUCTURES

Tree ADT - tree traversals - left child right sibling data structures for general trees - Binary Tree ADT - expression trees - applications of trees - binary search tree ADT - Threaded Binary Trees - Lec 6 7 8 9

UNIT - III BALANCED TREES

AVL Trees - Splay Trees - B-Tree - heaps - binary heaps - applications of binary heaps - Lec 11 12 16 20 21

UNIT - IV HASHING AND SET

Hashing - Separate chaining - open addressing - rehashing - extendible hashing - Disjoint Set ADT - dynamic equivalence problem - smart union algorithms - path compression - applications of Set - Lec 5

UNIT - V GRAPHS

Definitions - Topological sort - breadth-first traversal - shortest-path algorithms - minimum spanning tree - Prim's and Kruskal's algorithms - Depth-first traversal - biconnectivity - Euler circuits - applications of graphs - Lec 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

UNIT - I

Algorithm Analysis - Time Space Tradeoff - Asymptotic Notations - Conditional asymptotic notation - Removing condition from the conditional asymptotic notation - Properties of big-Oh notation - Recurrence equations - Solving recurrence equations - Analysis of linear search - Lec 4 5

UNIT - II

Divide and Conquer: General Method - Binary Search - Finding Maximum and Minimum - Merge Sort - Greedy Algorithms: General Method - Container Loading - Knapsack Problem - Lec 6 7 10 11 12

UNIT - III

Dynamic Programming: General Method - Multistage Graphs - All-Pair shortest paths - Optimal binary search trees - 0/1 Knapsack - Travelling salesperson problem - Lec 16 17

UNIT - IV

Backtracking: General Method - 8 Queens problem - sum of subsets - graph coloring - Hamiltonian problem - knapsack problem - Lec 16

UNIT - V

Graph Traversals - Connected Components - Spanning Trees - Biconnected components - Branch and Bound: General Methods (FIFO & LC) - 0/1 Knapsack problem - Introduction to NP-Hard and NP-Completeness. Lec 16 26

UNIT - I BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS

Functional units - Basic operational concepts - Bus structures - Performance and metrics - Instructions and instruction sequencing - Hardware - Software Interface - Instruction set architecture - Addressing modes - RISC - CISC. ALU design - Fixed point and floating point operations.

UNIT - II BASIC PROCESSING UNIT

Fundamental concepts - Execution of a complete instruction - Multiple bus organization - Hardwired control - Micro programmed control - Nano programming

UNIT - III PIPELINING

Basic concepts - Data hazards - Instruction hazards - Influence on instruction sets - Data path and control considerations - Performance considerations - Exception handling.

UNIT - IV MEMORY SYSTEM

Basic concepts - Semiconductor RAM - ROM - Speed - Size and cost - Cache memories - Improving cache performance - Virtual memory - Memory management requirements - Associative memories - Secondary storage devices.

UNIT - V I/O ORGANIZATION

Accessing I/O devices - Programmed Input/Output -Interrupts - Direct Memory Access - Buses - Interface circuits - Standard I/O Interfaces (PCI, SCSI, USB), I/O devices and processors.

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION

Purpose of Database System - Views of data - Data Models - Database Languages - Database System Architecture - Database users and Administrator - Entity-Relationship model (E-R model ) - E-R Diagrams - Introduction to relational databases - Lec 0 1 2

UNIT - II RELATIONAL MODEL

The relational Model - The catalog- Types - Keys - Relational Algebra - Domain Relational Calculus - Tuple Relational Calculus - Fundamental operations - Additional Operations- SQL fundamentals - Integrity - Triggers - Security - Advanced SQL features - Embedded SQL - Dynamic SQL - Missing Information - Views - Introduction to Distributed Databases and Client/Server Databases - Lec 2 3 4 5 6 13 24

UNIT - III DATABASE DESIGN

Functional Dependencies - Non-loss Decomposition - Functional Dependencies - First, Second, Third Normal Forms, Dependency Preservation - Boyce/Codd Normal Form - Multi-valued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form - Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form - Lec 8

UNIT - IV TRANSACTIONS

Transaction Concepts - Transaction Recovery - ACID Properties - System Recovery - Media Recovery - Two Phase Commit - Save Points - SQL Facilities for recovery - Concurrency - Need for Concurrency - Locking Protocols - Two Phase Locking - Intent Locking - Deadlock- Serializability - Recovery Isolation Levels - SQL Facilities for Concurrency - Lec 20 17 18 19 21 22 25 27 28 29

UNIT - V IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES

Overview of Physical Storage Media - Magnetic Disks - RAID - Tertiary storage - File Organization - Organization of Records in Files - Indexing and Hashing - Ordered Indices - B+ tree Index Files - B tree Index Files - Static Hashing - Dynamic Hashing - Query Processing Overview - Catalog Information for Cost Estimation - Selection Operation - Sorting - Join Operation - Database Tuning - Lec 10 11 12 14 15 16

UNIT - I SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROCESS

Introduction - S/W Engineering Paradigm - Verification - Validation - Life Cycle Models - System Engineering - Computer Based System - Business Process Engineering Overview - Product Engineering Overview - Lec 1 2 3 4 22

UNIT - II SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Functional and Non-Functional - Software Document - Requirement Engineering Process - Feasibility Studies - Software Prototyping - Prototyping in the Software Process - Data - Functional and Behavioral Models - Structured Analysis and Data Dictionary - Lec 3 4 5 8

UNIT - III ANALYSIS, DESIGN CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

Systems Engineering - Analysis Concepts - Design Process And Concepts - Modular Design - Design Heuristic - Architectural Design - Data Design - User Interface Design - Real Time Software Design - System Design - Real Time Executives - Data Acquisition System - Monitoring And Control System - 4 17 20

UNIT - IV TESTING

Taxonomy Of Software Testing - Types Of S/W Test - Black Box Testing - Testing Boundary Conditions - Structural Testing - Test Coverage Criteria Based On Data Flow Mechanisms - Regression Testing - Unit Testing - Integration Testing - Validation Testing - System Testing And Debugging - Software Implementation Techniques - 18 22

UNIT - V SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Measures And Measurements - ZIPF's Law - Software Cost Estimation - Function Point Models - COCOMO Model - Delphi Method - Scheduling - Earned Value Analysis - Error Tracking - Software Configuration Management - Program Evolution Dynamics - Software Maintenance - Project Planning - Project Scheduling - Risk Management - CASE Tools - Lec 21 25 29 31 32 33 37 39

UNIT - I AUTOMATA

Introduction to formal proof - Additional forms of proof - Inductive proofs - Finite Automata (FA) - Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) - Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) - Finite Automata with Epsilon transitions.- Lec 8 9 10 11

UNIT - II REGULAR EXPRESSIONS AND LANGUAGES

Regular Expression - FA and Regular Expressions - Proving languages not to be regular - Closure properties of regular languages - Equivalence and minimization of Automata - Lec 13 14 16 17 18

UNIT - III CONTEXT-FREE GRAMMARS AND LANGUAGES

Context-Free Grammar (CFG) - Parse Trees - Ambiguity in grammars and languages - Definition of the Pushdown automata - Languages of a Pushdown Automata - Equivalence of Pushdown automata and CFG - Deterministic Pushdown Automata.- Lec 1 2 3 4 7 15 20 21 22 23 24

UNIT - IV PROPERTIES OF CONTEXT-FREE LANGUAGES

Normal forms for CFG - Pumping Lemma for CFL - Closure Properties of CFL - Turing Machines - Programming Techniques for TM - Lec 5 6 7 16 26 27 28 29 30

UNIT - V UNDECIDABALITY

A language that is not Recursively Enumerable (RE) - An undecidable problem that is RE - Undecidable problems about Turing Machine - Post's Correspondence Problem - The classes P and NP - 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

UNIT - I

Network architecture - layers - Physical links - Channel access on links - Hybrid multiple access techniques - Issues in the data link layer - Framing - Error correction and detection - Link-level Flow Control - Lec 1 2 3 4 5 15 16 17

UNIT - II

Medium access - CSMA - Ethernet - Token ring - FDDI - Wireless LAN - Bridges and Switches - Lec 13 14 7 19 23

UNIT - III

Circuit switching vs. packet switching / Packet switched networks - IP - ARP - RARP - DHCP - ICMP - Queueing discipline - Routing algorithms - RIP - OSPF - Subnetting - CIDR - Interdomain routing - BGP - Ipv6 - Multicasting - Congestion avoidance in network layer - Lec 8 23 26 27 28 29 32 33 35

UNIT - IV

UDP - TCP - Adaptive Flow Control - Adaptive Retransmission - Congestion control –Congestion avoidance - QoS - Lec 30 31 35 36

UNIT - V

Email (SMTP, MIME, IMAP, POP3) - HTTP - DNS- SNMP - Telnet - FTP - Security - PGP - SSH - Lec 34 37 38 39 40

UNIT - I AUTOMATA

Introduction to formal proof - Additional forms of proof - Inductive proofs - Finite Automata (FA) - Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) - Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) - Finite Automata with Epsilon transitions.

UNIT - II REGULAR EXPRESSIONS AND LANGUAGES

Regular Expression - FA and Regular Expressions - Proving languages not to be regular - Closure properties of regular languages - Equivalence and minimization of Automata

UNIT - III CONTEXT-FREE GRAMMARS AND LANGUAGES

Context-Free Grammar (CFG) - Parse Trees - Ambiguity in grammars and languages - Definition of the Pushdown automata - Languages of a Pushdown Automata - Equivalence of Pushdown automata and CFG - Deterministic Pushdown Automata.

UNIT - IV PROPERTIES OF CONTEXT-FREE LANGUAGES

Normal forms for CFG - Pumping Lemma for CFL - Closure Properties of CFL - Turing Machines - Programming Techniques for TM

UNIT - V UNDECIDABALITY

A language that is not Recursively Enumerable (RE) - An undecidable problem that is RE - Undecidable problems about Turing Machine - Post's Correspondence Problem - The classes P and NP

UNIT - I LEXICAL ANALYSIS

Introduction to Compiling - Compilers - Analysis of the source program - The phases - Cousins - The grouping of phases - Compiler construction tools. The role of the lexical analyzer - Input buffering-Specification of tokens-Recognition of tokens - A language for specifying lexical analyzer - Lec 1

UNIT - II SYNTAX ANALYSIS and RUN-TIME ENVIRONMENTS

Syntax Analysis - The role of the parser - Context-free grammars - Writing a grammar - Topdown parsing - Bottom-up Parsing - LR parsers - Constructing an SLR(1) parsing table. Type Checking - Type Systems-Specification of a simple type checker. Run-Time Environments - Source language issues - Storage organization - Storage - allocation strategies.- Lec 1

UNIT - III INTERMEDIATE CODE GENERATION

Intermediate languages-Declarations - Assignment statements - Boolean expressions - Case statements - Backpatching - Procedure calls. - Lec 2 6

UNIT - IV CODE GENERATION

Issues in the design of a code generator - The target machine - Run - time storage management - Basic blocks and flow graphs - Next - use information - A simple code generator - Register allocation and assignment - The dag representation of basic blocks - Generating code from dags.- Lec 7 14

UNIT - V CODE OPTIMIZATION

Introduction - The principle sources of optimization - Peephole optimization - Optimization of basic blocks - Loops in flow graphs - Introduction to global data - flow analysis - Code improving transformations.- Lec 15 32

UNIT - I INSTRUCTION LEVEL PARALLELISM

ILP - Concepts and challenges - Hardware and software approaches - Dynamic scheduling - Speculation - Compiler techniques for exposing ILP - Branch prediction.

UNIT - II MULTIPLE ISSUE PROCESSORS

VLIW & EPIC - Advanced compiler support - Hardware support for exposing parallelism - Hardware versus software speculation mechanisms - IA 64 and Itanium processors - Limits on ILP.

UNIT - III MULTIPROCESSORS AND THREAD LEVEL PARALLELISM

Symmetric and distributed shared memory architectures - Performance issues - Synchronization - Models of memory consistency - Introduction to Multithreading.

UNIT - IV MEMORY AND I/O

Cache performance - Reducing cache miss penalty and miss rate - Reducing hit time - Main memory and performance - Memory technology. Types of storage devices - Buses - RAID - Reliability, availability and dependability - I/O performance measures - Designing an I/O system.

UNIT - V MULTI-CORE ARCHITECTURES

Software and hardware multithreading - SMT and CMP architectures - Design issues - Case studies - Intel Multi-core architecture - SUN CMP architecture - heterogenous multi-core processors - case study: IBM Cell Processor.

UNIT - I 2D PRIMITIVES

output primitives - Line, Circle and Ellipse drawing algorithms - Attributes of output primitives - Two dimensional Geometric transformation - Two dimensional viewing - Line, Polygon, Curve and Text clipping algorithms - Lec 3 4 5 6 116 7 13 14 15 16 17 21 22

UNIT - II 3D CONCEPTS

Parallel and Perspective projections - Three dimensional object representation - Polygons, Curved lines, Splines, Quadric Surfaces,- Visualization of data sets - 3D transformations - Viewing -Visible surface identification. - Lec 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 28 29 30 Lec 8 9 10 11 12 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 36 37 38

UNIT - III GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING

Color Models - RGB, YIQ, CMY, HSV - Animations - General Computer Animation, Raster, Keyframe - Graphics programming using OPENGL - Basic graphics primitives - Drawing three dimensional objects - Drawing three dimensional scenes - 33 34 35 39 40 41

UNIT - IV RENDERING

Introduction to Shading models - Flat and Smooth shading - Adding texture to faces - Adding shadows of objects - Building a camera in a program - Creating shaded objects - Rendering texture - Drawing Shadows.-21 22 33 34 35

UNIT - V FRACTALS

Fractals and Self similarity - Peano curves - Creating image by iterated functions - Mandelbrot sets - Julia Sets - Random Fractals - Overview of Ray Tracing - Intersecting rays with other primitives - Adding Surface texture - Reflections and Transparency - Boolean operations on Objects - 23 24 25 26 27 31 32 32

UNIT - I CONDUCTION

Basic Concepts - Mechanism of Heat Transfer - Conduction, Convection and Radiation - Fourier Law of Conduction - General Differential equation of Heat Conduction - Cartesian and Cylindrical Coordinates - One Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction - Conduction through Plane Wall, Cylinders and Spherical systems - Composite Systems - Conduction with Internal Heat Generation - Extended Surfaces - Unsteady Heat Conduction - Lumped Analysis - Use of Heislers Chart - Lec 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 9 8

UNIT - II CONVECTION

Basic Concepts - Heat Transfer Coefficients - Boundary Layer Concept - Types of Convection - Forced Convection - Dimensional Analysis - External Flow - Flow over Plates, Cylinders and Spheres - Internal Flow - Laminar and Turbulent Flow - Combined Laminar and Turbulent - Flow over Bank of tubes - Free Convection - Dimensional Analysis - Flow over Vertical Plate, Horizontal Plate, Inclined Plate, Cylinders and Spheres - Lec 21 18 22 24 23

UNIT - III PHASE CHANGE HEAT TRANSFER AND HEAT EXCHANGERS

Nusselts theory of condensation-pool boiling, flow boiling, correlations in boiling and condensation. Types of Heat Exchangers - Heat Exchanger Analysis - LMTD Method and NTU - Effectiveness - Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient - Fouling Factors - Lec 30 31 25 26 27 28

UNIT - IV RADIATION

Basic Concepts, Laws of Radiation - Stefan Boltzman Law, Kirchoffs Law - Black Body Radiation - Grey body radiation - Shape Factor Algebra - Electrical Analogy - Radiation Shields - Introduction to Gas Radiation - Lec 10 11 13 14

UNIT - V MASS TRANSFER

Basic Concepts - Diffusion Mass Transfer - Fick's Law of Diffusion - Steady state Molecular Diffusion - Convective Mass Transfer - Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy - Convective Mass Transfer Correlations - Lec 33 34 35

UNIT - I METAL CASTING PROCESSES

Sand casting - Sand moulds - Type of patterns - Pattern materials - Pattern allowances - Types of Moulding sand - Properties - Core making - Methods of Sand testing - Moulding machines - Types of moulding machines - Melting furnaces - Working principle of Special casting processes - Shell, investment casting - Ceramic mould - Lost Wax process - Pressure die casting - Centrifugal casting - CO2 process - Sand Casting defects - Inspection methods - Lec 1 2 3 4 5 7

UNIT - II JOINING PROCESSES

Fusion welding processes - Types of Gas welding - Equipments used - Flame characteristics - Filler and Flux materials - Arc welding equipments - Electrodes - Coating and specifications - Principles of Resistance welding - Spot/butt, seam welding - Percusion welding - Gas metal arc welding - Flux cored - Submerged arc welding - Electro slag welding - TIG welding - Principle and application of special welding processes - Plasma arc welding - Thermit welding - Electron beam welding - Friction welding - Diffusion welding - Weld defects - Brazing and soldering process - Methods and process capabilities - Filler materials and fluxes - Types of Adhesivebonding. - Lec 2 3 4 5 11 13

UNIT - III BULK DEFORMATION PROCESSES

Hot working and cold working of metals - Forging processes - Open, impression and closed die forging - Characteristics of the process - Types of Forging Machines - Typical forging operations - Rolling of metals - Types of Rolling mills - Flat strip rolling - Shape rolling operations - Defects in rolled parts - Principle of rod and wire drawing - Tube drawing - Principles of Extrusion - Types of Extrusion - Hot and Cold extrusion - Equipments used - 5 6

UNIT - IV SHEET METAL PROCESSES

Sheet metal characteristics - Typical shearing operations, bending and drawing operations - Stretch forming operations - Formability of sheet metal - Test methods - Working principle and application of special forming processes - Hydro forming - Rubber pad forming - Metal spinning - Introduction to Explosive forming, Magnetic pulse forming, Peen forming, Super plastic forming - 7 8 9 12

UNIT - V MANUFACTURING OF PLASTIC COMPONENTS

Types of plastics - Characteristics of the forming and shaping processes - Moulding of Thermoplastics - Working principles and typical applications of - Injection moulding - Plunger and screw machines - Compression moulding, Transfer moulding - Typical industrial applications - Introduction to Blow moulding - Rotational moulding - Film blowing - Extrusion - Thermoforming, - Bonding of Thermoplastics

UNIT - I THEORY OF METAL CUTTING

Introduction: material removal processes, types of machine tools - theory of metal cutting: chip formation, orthogonal cutting, cutting tool materials, tool wear, tool life,surface finish, cutting fluids. - Lec 2 5 6 13 14 12

UNIT - II CENTRE LATHE AND SPECIAL PURPOSE LATHES

Centre lathe, constructional features, cutting tool geometry, various operations, taper turning methods, thread cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret lathes - automats - single spindle, Swiss type, automatic screw type, multi spindle - Turret Indexing mechanism, Bar feed mechanism - Lec 17

UNIT - III OTHER MACHINE TOOLS

Reciprocating machine tools: shaper, planer, slotter - Milling : types, milling cutters, operations - Hole making : drilling - Quill mechanism , Reaming, Boring, Tapping - Sawing machine: hack saw, band saw, circular saw; broaching machines: broach construction - push, pull, surface and continuous broaching machines - Lec 20 19 21 26

UNIT - IV ABRASIVE PROCESSES AND GEAR CUTTING

Abrasive processes: grinding wheel - specifications and selection, types of grinding process - cylindrical grinding, surface grinding, centreless grinding - honing, lapping, super finishing, polishing and buffing, abrasive jet machining - Gear cutting, forming, generation, shaping, hobbing - Lec 27 28 29 30 37 32

UNIT - V CNC MACHINE TOOLS AND PART PROGRAMMING

Numerical control (NC) machine tools - CNC: types, constructional details, special features - design considerations of CNC machines for improving machining accuracy - structural members - slide ways - linear bearings - ball screws - spindle drives and feed drives. Part programming fundamentals - manual programming - computer assisted part programming

UNIT - I BASICS OF MECHANISMS

Definitions - Link, Kinematic pair, Kinematic chain, Mechanism, and Machine - Degree of Freedom - Mobility - Kutzbach criterion (Gruebler's equation) - Grashoff's law Kinematic Inversions of four-bar chain and slider crank chain - Mechanical Advantage- Transmission angle. Description of common Mechanisms - Offset slider mechanism as quick return mechanisms, Pantograph, Straight line generators (Peaucellier and Watt mechanisms), Steering gear for automobile, Hooke's joint, Toggle mechanism, Ratchets and escapements - Indexing Mechanisms - Lec 1 2 3 4 10 6 24 25 26 27

UNIT - II KINEMATIC ANALYSIS

Analysis of simple mechanisms (Single slider crank mechanism and four bar mechanism) - Graphical Methods for displacement, velocity and acceleration; Shaping machine mechanism - Coincident points - Coriolis acceleration - Analytical method of analysis of slider crank mechanism and four bar mechanism. Approximate analytical expression for displacement, velocity and acceleration of piston of reciprocating engine mechanism - Lec 5 11 12 13 14 15

UNIT - III KINEMATICS OF CAMS

Classifications - Displacement diagrams - Parabolic, Simple harmonic and Cycloidal motions - Graphical construction of displacement diagrams and layout of plate cam profiles - circular arc and tangent cams - Pressure angle and undercutting - Lec 30 31 32 33

UNIT - IV GEARS

Classification of gears - Gear tooth terminology - Fundamental Law of toothed gearing and involute gearing - Length of path of contact and contact ratio - Interference and undercutting - Gear trains - Simple, compound and Epicyclic gear trains - Differentials - Lec 34 35 36 37 38 39

UNIT - V FRICTION

Dry friction - Friction in screw jack - Pivot and collar friction - Plate clutches - Belt and rope drives - Block brakes, band brakes

UNIT - I STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS

Introduction to the design process - factor influencing machine design, selection of materials based on mechanical properties - Preferred numbers, fits and tolerances - Direct, Bending and torsional stress equations - Impact and shock loading - calculation of principle stresses for various load combinations, eccentric loading - Design of curved beams - crane hook and 'C' frame - Factor of safety - theories of failure - stress concentration - design for variable loading - Soderberg, Goodman and Gerber relations - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

UNIT - II DESIGN OF SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS

Design of solid and hollow shafts based on strength, rigidity and critical speed - Design of keys, key ways and splines - Design of crankshafts - Design of rigid and flexible couplings. - 33 34 14 15 19 20 21

UNIT - III DESIGN OF TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT JOINTS

Threaded fastners - Design of bolted joints including eccentric loading, Knuckle joints, Cotter joints - Design of welded joints, riveted joints for structures - theory of bonded joints - 16 17 25 26 13 14 23 24 22

UNIT - IV DESIGN OF ENERGY STORING ELEMENTS

Design of various types of springs, optimization of helical springs - rubber springs - Design of flywheels considering stresses in rims and arms, for engines and punching machines - 27 28

UNIT - V DESIGN OF BEARINGS AND MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS

Sliding contact and rolling contact bearings - Design of hydrodynamic journal bearings, McKee's Eqn., Sommerfield Number, Raimondi & Boyd graphs, - Selection of Rolling Contact bearings - Design of Seals and Gaskets - Design of Connecting Rod - 34 35

UNIT - I SURFACES AND FRICTION

Topography of Engineering surfaces - Contact between surfaces - Sources of sliding Friction - Adhesion - Ploughing - Energy dissipation mechanisms Friction Characteristics of metals - Friction of non metals. Friction of lamellar solids - friction of Ceramic materials and polymers - Rolling Friction - Source of Rolling Friction - Stick slip motion - Measurement of Friction - Lec 1 2 3 4 5

UNIT - II WEAR

Types of wear - Simple theory of Sliding Wear Mechanism of sliding wear of metals - Abrasive wear - Materials for Adhesive and Abrasive wear situations - Corrosive wear - Surface Fatigue wear situations - Brittle Fracture - wear - Wear of Ceramics and Polymers - Wear Measurements - Lec 6 7 8 9 10

UNIT - III LUBRICANTS AND LUBRICATION TYPES

Types and properties of Lubricants - Testing methods - Hydrodynamic Lubrication - Elasto - hydrodynamic lubrication - Boundary Lubrication - Solid Lubrication - Hydrostatic Lubrication - Lec 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 40

UNIT - IV FILM LUBRICATION THEORY

Fluid film in simple shear - Viscous flow between very close parallel plates - Shear stress variation Reynolds Equation for film Lubrication - High speed unloaded journal bearings - Loaded journal bearings - Reaction torque on the bearings - Virtual Co-efficient of friction - The Sommerfield diagram - Lec 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 39 41

UNIT - V SURFACE ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS FOR BEARINGS

Surface modifications - Transformation Hardening, surface fusion - Thermo chemical processes - Surface coatings - Plating and anodizing - Fusion Processes - Vapour Phase processes - Materials for rolling Element bearings - Materials for fluid film bearings - Materials for marginally lubricated and dry bearings - Lec 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 42